Quincunx (coin); coin appraisals

The quincunx was an Ancient Roman bronze coin produced during the Roman Republic. The word quincunx comes from Latin “quinque” which means “five” and “uncia” which means “one twelfth”, because the coin was valued at five-twelfths of an as (a libra or 5 unciae). This value was sometimes symbolized by a patterns of five dots arranged like the points of a die, so this pattern also came to be called quincunx.
It was only produced during the Second Punic War (218 to 204 BC). It was not part of the standard Roman monetary system and was produced by mints at Luceria (mod. Lucera), Teate (mod. Chieti), Larinum (mod. Larino), and northern Apulia.

See also: Roman currency.

Scotch and Soda; coin appraisals

Scotch and Soda is a magic effect involving a copper coin and a silver coin which appear to transpose in the spectator’s hands. The effect relies on simple gimmick and the tricks performed with it are self-working and require almost no skill. The trick is named after the cocktail Scotch and soda; the copper coin represents the “Scotch” and the silver coin represents the “soda”.

The effect is usually performed as follows: The magician displays two coins of almost equal size, one copper and one silver. The silver coin is most often a U.S. half dollar and the copper coin is usually either an English penny or a Mexican centavo. The magician stacks the coins and places them into the spectator’s hand. He then asks her to place her hands behind her back and put one coin in each hand, remarking that the silver coin is slightly larger than the copper coin, making them easy to tell apart. The magician asks to see the silver coin which the spectator produces. When the spectator opens her other hand, the copper coin has become a quarter. The copper coin can then be made to appear wherever the magician desires, such as in the spectator’s pocket or under an object across the room.

Scotch and Soda is a popular trick that can be purchased at many magic stores. The trick contains a set of two gimmicked coins and an authentic copper coin. A number of books exclusively on the subject describe different effects that can be achieved with the Scotch and Soda gimmick. Gin and tonic is a version of the trick using a dime and a penny.

Method

The gimmicks used in Scotch and Soda are a hollow coin shell made from the silver coin, and a half-copper/half-silver coin that can fit snugly inside the shell. From its obverse side, the silver coin shell looks normal. From one side, the half-and-half coin looks like the obverse side of the copper coin; from the other, it looks like the reverse side of the silver coin.

At the start of the trick, the shell conceals the quarter that will appear later. The half-and-half coin is only displayed from its copper side and the shell is, obviously, only displayed from the top. The magician must be careful to not show the underside of either of the gaffed coins. When the magician stacks the coins to give to the spectator, he actually slides the half-and-half coin in between the shell and the quarter, squeezing the two gimmicks together, thus forming one solid silver “coin” with the quarter beneath. Once the coins are in the spectator’s hands, the magician’s work is over. All he must do is ask the spectator to open his hands.

An authentic copper coin that matches the gimmick from the trick can be planted by the magician before the trick begins to be “discovered” later as the missing coin. To reset the trick, the magician must use a special tool to separate the gimmicks: A small ring shaped object that when banged against a hard surface will allow only the half copper/half silver coin through.

Trader’s Currency Token of the Magdalen Islands; coin appraisals

The Magdalen Islands had only one coin - a 1 Penny token issued in 1815 by Sir Isaac Coffin.

The obverse of the coin depicts a seal on an ice floe. It is inscribed ‘MAGDALEN ISLAND TOKEN 1815′. The reverse of the coin depicts two gutted fish similar to that depicted on 1/2d. tokens from Prince Edward Island. The reverse inscription is ‘SUCCESS TO THE FISHERIES’, which refers to the fishing industry essential to the islands’ economy.

This coin is very sought after by collectors of British Empire coins, not just those of Canada, as this piece is very rare.

References

Coins of Canada by J.A. Haxby and R.C. Willey.

Irish florin coin; coin appraisals

The florin coin (more commonly known as the two-shilling coin) was a pre-decimal coin and worth 1/10 of an Irish pound. The coin featured the salmon and the original minting of the coin from 1928 until 1943 contained 75% silver, a higher content than the equivalent British coin. It is believed that this was done so that the new currency would not be seen as a poor substitute to the British currency which circulated alongside. The silver coins are quite noticeable as they have a more “whitish” look than the later cupronickel variety that were minted from 1951, also the silver coins wear less well. The cupronickel variety of coin consisted of 75% copper and 25% nickel.

The coin, designed by Percy Metcalf, had a diameter of 1.125 inches (28.6 mm) and weight of 11.3 grams. The last florins were produced in 1968. When the currency was decimalised this coin continued to circulate alongside its replacement ten pence, and the florin was finally withdrawn from June 1 1994 as a smaller ten pence coin was introduced.

Like all Irish coins, the florin may be redeemed for euros at Ireland’s Central Bank.

  • Coinage (Calling In) Order, 1993

Koban (Japanese gold coin); coin appraisal

The koban (小判, alternately ōban) was a Japanese oval gold coin in Edo period feudal Japan, equal to ten ryō, another early Japanese monetary unit (a ryō can be imagined as worth a thousand dollars, although the value of the coin, like the value of the dollar, varied considerably).

The Keichō koban, a gold piece, contained about one ryō of gold, so that koban carried a face value of one ryō. However, successive mintings of the koban had varying (usually diminishing) amounts of gold. As a result, the ryō as a unit of weight of gold and the ryō as the face value of the koban were no longer synonymous.

The Maneki Neko is often depicted holding a koban, though the koban most Maneki Neko hold is indicated to be worth ten million ryō.

Peso; coin appraisals

The peso (Spanish: “weight” in Portuguese too) is a unit of currency that originated in Spain and is now used by several former Spanish colonies. The peso coin weighed 27 grams and was of 92 percent pure silver.

Today the term peso is sometimes used interchangeably to include the historic Spanish eight real coin (also called the Spanish dollar or colloquially “pieces of eight”), which was the main Spanish coin during colonial times. This is primarily because pesos were of similar weight and diameter to the eight real coin. However the term peso did not appear on Spanish coinage until 1864, and it is more accurate to refer to the older coinage as the eight real coin (or Spanish dollar, or “pieces of eight”).

The peseta is also a unit of currency whose name may be a diminutive of peso.

The pataca (圓) is a unit of currency which means peso in Portuguese.

Professional Coin Grading Service; coin appraisal

The Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS) is a third-party appraisal service for grading rare coins. It determines the condition and authenticity of each coin it grades to provide consumers with an independent knowledgeable rating on which to judge the coin. It was founded in 1986, and is located in Newport Beach, CA.

In the May 26 2003 edition of Coin World, the hobby newspaper had announced that they had conducted an investigation of PCGS, NGC and ANACS, three of the leading grading services along with several other grading services. In this investigation, several coins were sent to each grading service. In no case did the grading services agree on the grade of any given coin, and in some cases the difference in grading was seven points off (it is standard in U.S. numismatics to grade coins on a point-scale from 1 (poor) to 70 (perfect)). In one case ACCGS had graded a coin as “cleaned” and several grades lower than PCGS which PCGS had not noted was “cleaned”. However PCGS has a policy for reimbursing customers if they had wrongly attributed, wrongly authenticated, or significantly overgraded a coin.

In 1990 the FTC(Federal Trade Commission), which oversees business ethics and fraud, filed a civil action against PCGS alleging exaggerated advertising claims. PCGS did not admit wrongdoing, but agreed to submit its advertising for review for a period of five years. In a filing in Federal district court in Washington, the company agreed to include a statement in its newspaper and television advertising affirming that certification by P.C.G.S. does not guarantee protection.

Scotch and Soda; coin appraisals

Scotch and Soda is a magic effect involving a copper coin and a silver coin which appear to transpose in the spectator’s hands. The effect relies on simple gimmick and the tricks performed with it are self-working and require almost no skill. The trick is named after the cocktail Scotch and soda; the copper coin represents the “Scotch” and the silver coin represents the “soda”.

The effect is usually performed as follows: The magician displays two coins of almost equal size, one copper and one silver. The silver coin is most often a U.S. half dollar and the copper coin is usually either an English penny or a Mexican centavo. The magician stacks the coins and places them into the spectator’s hand. He then asks her to place her hands behind her back and put one coin in each hand, remarking that the silver coin is slightly larger than the copper coin, making them easy to tell apart. The magician asks to see the silver coin which the spectator produces. When the spectator opens her other hand, the copper coin has become a quarter. The copper coin can then be made to appear wherever the magician desires, such as in the spectator’s pocket or under an object across the room.

Scotch and Soda is a popular trick that can be purchased at many magic stores. The trick contains a set of two gimmicked coins and an authentic copper coin. A number of books exclusively on the subject describe different effects that can be achieved with the Scotch and Soda gimmick. Gin and tonic is a version of the trick using a dime and a penny.

Method

The gimmicks used in Scotch and Soda are a hollow coin shell made from the silver coin, and a half-copper/half-silver coin that can fit snugly inside the shell. From its obverse side, the silver coin shell looks normal. From one side, the half-and-half coin looks like the obverse side of the copper coin; from the other, it looks like the reverse side of the silver coin.

At the start of the trick, the shell conceals the quarter that will appear later. The half-and-half coin is only displayed from its copper side and the shell is, obviously, only displayed from the top. The magician must be careful to not show the underside of either of the gaffed coins. When the magician stacks the coins to give to the spectator, he actually slides the half-and-half coin in between the shell and the quarter, squeezing the two gimmicks together, thus forming one solid silver “coin” with the quarter beneath. Once the coins are in the spectator’s hands, the magician’s work is over. All he must do is ask the spectator to open his hands.

An authentic copper coin that matches the gimmick from the trick can be planted by the magician before the trick begins to be “discovered” later as the missing coin. To reset the trick, the magician must use a special tool to separate the gimmicks: A small ring shaped object that when banged against a hard surface will allow only the half copper/half silver coin through.

Quadrigatus; coin appraisals

The quadrigatus was a medium-sized silver coin produced by the Roman Republic during the 3rd century BC. The obverse featured a young janiform bust and the reverse featured Victory driving a quadriga, giving the coin its name, with the inscription “ROMA” below.

The coin weighed about 6.8 grams (6 scruples), consistent with a didrachma. The coin was minted from c. 241 to 235 BC until shortly before the introduction of the denarius (211 BC). Gold coins of similar style were issued at this time (staters and half-staters) which featured the same obverse type as the quadrigatus and the reverse type of two soldiers performing an oath over a third soldier holding pig, with the inscription “ROMA” below. The choice of Janus for these coins is believed to coincide with the closing of the doors of the temple of Janus, indicating the absence of warfare, a rare occasion.

The victoriatus was a later coin of the same fabric that was valued at half a quadrigatus (3 scruples).

See also: Roman currency.

Economic appraisal; coin appraisal

Appraisal is the act of estimating the monetary value of real property, personal property, or intangible property, usually performed as a service by someone recognized as an expert or certified by an
or any ad valorem tax and/or special assessment tax purposes by governmental agencies

  • Business Valuation
  • Machinery and Technical Specialties
  • Personal Property/Gems and Jewelry
  • Real Property- the most common usage of the term appraisal
  • Domain Name Appraisal & Valuation

Real estate appraisal is the act of presenting an opinion of the value of a property. There are two main types of appraisal:

  • Fee Appraisal - Appraisal of an individual property by a contracted appraiser who is usually paid a fee. For example, this will be done prior to a loan being issued by a bank, to verify that there is sufficient collateral should the borrower default.
  • Mass appraisal - Appraisal of many properties using a more statistical approach. Usually done by government agencies responsible for setting values for property tax calculations.

There are various approaches to determining the value, including:

  • Market - also known as “sales comparison” - establishing the value based on a comparison of what similar properties have sold for.
  • Cost - Establishing value based on the cost to build that structure new, less depreciation.
  • Income - For commercial properties as well as multifamily residential property (duplexes and apartment buildings), establishing the value based on the income the property generates. For example, Retail space may be valued based on the rental income.

Mule (coin); coin appraisal

In numismatics, a mule is a coin or medal minted with obverse and reverse designs not normally seen on the same piece. These can be intentional or produced by error. This type of error is highly sought after, and examples can fetch steep prices from collectors.

Several prominent mule errors have been discovered in recent times. One of the most famous is the Sacagawea Dollar/ Washington State Quarter mule featuring the obverse of a Statehood quarter and the reverse of a Sacagawea dollar. This coin was struck on a Sacagawea dollar planchet. Common belief was that this coin was intentionally struck by a mint employee, however the mint confirmed in July 2000 that the coin was a legitimate error, created by the accidental replacement of a cracked Sacagawea obverse die with a Washington obverse die. Several thousand of the coins were reported to have been minted before the error was discovered, and mint employees recovered and destroyed most of them. One of the few that escaped detection was sold on eBay for $41,295.

Silver dollar; coin appraisals

Silver dollar may refer to:

  • A United States dollar coin made of any white metal, especially one made of silver.
  • A Canadian Silver Dollar commemorative coin.
  • Three species of characins, named from their resemblance to the coin:
    • Metynnis argenteus.
    • Metynnis hypsauchen.
    • Metynnis maculatus.
  • A type of pancake, typically about 7 cm (3 inches) in diameter - these are usually served in groups of five or ten.

Irish threepence coin; coin appraisals

The three-pence coin was a pre-decimal coin worth 1/80 of an Irish pound. The Irish name (leath reul) literally meant “half reul“, the reul being a sixpence coin worth the same as the Spanish real.

The design was by the English artist Percy Metcalf. Originally it was struck in nickel and was very hard-wearing. In 1942, as nickel became more valuable, the metal was changed to cupro-nickel of 75% copper and 25% nickel. The coin diameter was 0.695 inches (17.7 mm) and the weight was 3.23995 grams; this did not change with cupro-nickel coin. The coin was minted at the Royal Mint starting from 1928, and ceased to be legal tender after decimalisation on December 31, 1971.

The reverse showed a hare and the inscription of the value in the Irish script alphabet, while the obverse featured the harp, with the date and inscription Saorstát Éireann (Irish Free State), or later Éire (Ireland).

  • Coinage (Calling In) Order, 1971

Irish two pence (decimal coin); coin appraisals

The two pence coin was the third smallest denomination of the Irish pound which was decimalised on Decimal Day, February 15, 1971. It was the third of three new designs introduced all in bronze.

The coin was designed by the Irish artist Gabriel Hayes and the design is adapted from the Second Bible of Charles the Bald held at Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, France. The coin originally had a diameter of 2.591 centimetres and weight of 7.128 grams consisting of copper, tin and zinc.

In 1990 the decision was taken to produce the coin on a copper plated steel base as the bronze had become relatively expensive. This accounts for the reason that some coins are affected by magnets - these are the steel base plate coins. After reducing the size of the five and ten pence coins introduced in the early 1990s, the two pence coin was the fourth largest Irish coin, with only the twenty and fifty pence and the pound coin coins being larger in the series.

The coin was 1/50 of an Irish Pound and was withdrawn on the advent of the euro.

  • Commemorative Bronze and Ceramic Sculpture of Irish Coinage
  • Coinage (Dimensions and Designs) Regulations, 1969
  • Coinage (Weight and Composition of and Remedy for Certain Copper Coins) Regulations, 1990

Nickels; coin appraisals

This article is about the gambling coin game. For other uses, see Nickel (disambiguation).

Nickels is a gambling coin game played with any desired denomination of coins. It is played on a flat, hard surface next to a back wall, such as the side of a building or a street curb. The objective of Nickels is to place your coin closer to the wall than your opponents.

Play Area

The play area consists of the following.

  • A foul line, of which players are forbidden to step over during a throw.
  • A goal line at the opposite side of the foul line
  • Boundary lines at each side of the field of play, which spectators or coins are not allowed to cross.

The objective of Nickels is to place your coin closer to the wall than your opponents.

Rules

Rules of the game, some necessary and others not, include:

  • The foul line can not be crossed during a throw, doing so results in immediate loss of the round.
  • The coin will not be scored, and will be lost, if it leaves the boundary area.
  • Bouncing the coin off the goal line is permitted.
  • If the time is not taken to clear a proper area, and no boundary lines are set, a coin is in “interference” if it touches any obstacle (such as a backpack). Coins in interference are lost as if they went out of bounds.
  • Play is separated into rounds, of which the winner collects all the coins played unless specified that the round is “friendly” or “for practice.”

See also

Threes - Street Dice Game